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When talking about samurai swords, we often come across different names. Two of the most common are Nodachi and Odachi. But do they refer to the same sword, or are they actually different?
Let’s look at what each word means in Japanese. The term “dachi” (太刀) means “sword” or “long sword.” The “no” (野) in Nodachi means “field” or “wild,” while the “o” (大) in Odachi means “big,” “great,” or “large.”
From this, we can see that odachi is a general term for an unusually large sword (highlighting the size). The nodachi, on the other hand, also refers to a great or long sword, but it is specifically known as one used on the battlefield, similar in purpose to the greatswords of Europe.
Although some sources mention small differences in size or usage, most evidence suggests that both names describe the same type of Japanese sword.
Historical Origins
These swords appeared during the late Kamakura period (1185–1333) and were used until the Muromachi period (1336–1573). Their large size made them highly effective in open combat, particularly against cavalry. They were difficult to carry and use in close quarters and were not something that a samurai would carry every day.
Instead, they would only use them for specific scenarios when they knew what was coming. Later, around the Sengoku era (1467-1615), many of them were cut down to re-forge katanas. This was because warfare shifted from open-field battles to more fortified positions.
Design and Characteristics
The nodachi/odachi is one of the longest swords in Japanese history, often measuring over 35 inches (90 cm) in blade length. Some even reached an astonishing 47 inches (120 cm) or more. Like other Japanese swords, it features a gentle curve. These swords were heavy, typically weighing between 4.4 to 6.6 pounds (2 to 3 kg). For comparison, a functional katana usually weighs around 2.2 pounds (1 kg).
The weight distribution was more toward the blade, making it incredibly powerful for sweeping strikes but challenging to wield with precision. Using a nodachi required not just skill but also significant physical strength.
Last Words
Even though there is some confusion about the two swords and whether they are different types or the same, the strongest conclusion leads us to believe they are actually the same kind of Japanese sword. The difference lies in the meaning.
Nodachi highlights its use in open-field battles.
Odachi highlights the impressive size of the weapon.
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FAQ
Can an odachi cut through armor?
In reality, it would be very hard, almost impossible, for any sword, not just the odachi or nodachi, to cut through armor. Swords can still cause some damage, but the kind of clean cuts we often imagine just would not happen.
Did samurai actually use odachi?
Yes, samurai did use odachi, mostly during the late Kamakura to early Muromachi periods. They were often carried by foot soldiers for open-field battles or used as ceremonial and status weapons later on.
Which famous samurai used Odachi?
There is no well-known samurai who used an odachi/nodachi, since most of them usually carried katanas or tachis. However, at some point, many of them did use an odachi at least once in their lives.
