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What Is a Shirasaya? A shirasaya is simply the wooden mount (scabbard and handle) used to store a Japanese sword blade. Think of it like a plain wooden case or sleeve that holds the sword securely, similar to how you might store a delicate item in a protective wooden box to keep it safe and in good condition. A shirasaya mounting is minimal and doesn’t include the usual fittings like the tsuba (handguard) or other parts found on a regular functional katana.
It’s a Sword at all?
It is a common misconception to refer to a “shirasaya sword” or a “shirasaya katana”. This likely stems from the fact that when opened, a shirasaya reveals a sword blade, often a highly prized katana. However, the shirasaya itself is not a sword but the mounting. It is not a distinct classification of a Japanese sword in the same way that a katana or a tachi are.
The Term Shirasaya or “White Scabbard”?
The term itself translates literally from Japanese as “white scabbard” (白鞘). This designation is closely linked to the term “shiraki” (white wood), which refers to wood in its natural, unprocessed state.
The Intended Purpose and Use
The primary function of the shirasaya is for the long-term storage and preservation of a valuable sword blade (nihonto). Its design and the properties of the wood work in concert to shield the blade from environmental factors such as humidity and oxygen, which are primary causes of rust and corrosion. This was particularly important during extended periods of peace when swords were not in regular use.
For instance, the Edo period (1603-1868 AD) in Japan saw restrictions on carrying swords in public, leading to a greater need for safe long-term storage solutions. Beyond long-term storage, it served a practical role in the transportation of blades.
So, If the purpose it’s to preserve the blade, should I clean and oil it? The simple answer is yes. You still need to clean and oil your blade once in a while. This helps, but doesn’t ensure that your blade will stay in top condition for years.
Special Wood Used
The specific type of wood most traditionally and commonly used in the construction is honoki (朴). Honoki, also known as Japanese bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia obovata) or Ho tree, possesses several key properties that make it exceptionally well-suited for the long-term storage of Japanese sword blades. One of the most important characteristics of honoki wood is its natural resistance to humidity and moisture.
This inherent resistance helps to prevent the formation of rust and corrosion on the blade’s surface, which is crucial for preserving its condition over extended periods. Furthermore, honoki wood has a low content of sap and resin, substances that can potentially be corrosive to the carbon steel used in Japanese blades. The wood is also relatively soft and fine-grained, which minimizes the risk of scratching the delicate polished surface of the blade during storage and handling.
Is it safe to fight with a katana stored in a shirasaya?
A common question is whether a shirasaya can be used for fighting or cutting. The clear answer is no, as it is not designed for that. However, some manufacturers have produced battle-ready or semi-shirasayas, designed with enhanced durability and functionality for martial artists and collectors. Generally, they use strong woods, stronger glue, lacquered scabbard/handle or double mekugi pegs. These modern types look pretty much like the traditional one however you will find a more shiny appearance, extra pegs at the handle and often are marketed by sellers as functional.
Keep in mind! One of the most important things to know is that a shirasaya lacks a tsuba (handguard), which prevents your hand from slipping onto the sharp edge of the blade. Additionally, the handle (tsuka) is usually unwrapped, making the grip weak and unsafe, especially during combat movements. Same when training. It’s less safe, especially when hands become sweaty.
Shirasaya Vs Koshirae(Full Fittings)
Another term is Koshirae (拵え). This refers to all fittings without the blade. When you see what’s typically recognized as a traditional katana, you’re looking at a sword in koshirae, which means it’s ready for wear, display, or combat.
Last Words
Even though a shirasaya protects the blade when not in use, proper maintenance and regular cleaning are still necessary to keep it in top condition.
Read next: The Best Katana Cleaning Kits
